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Obituary: MNRAS 50, 179 (1890); AN 121, 95 (1889)
Tempel discovered 150 NGC objects. NGC 1435, the famous "Merope nebula" was found with a 4" refractor at Venice. All other were found at Arcetri Observatory near Florence using the main instrument, a 11" f/19 refractor, called "Amici I" by Temple. Only NGC 2441 was discovered with the smaller "Amici II" refractor (9.4" f/13.4). 112 objects are "real" (109 galaxies, 2 reflexion nebulae, 1 planetary); the rest are stars (34) or "not found" (4). The references (except Ref. 0 and 2a) are numbered following Dreyer (T I = 1thru T X = 10).
|
Object
|
Con
|
Date
|
Type
|
Rem
|
Ref
|
|
NGC 47
|
CET
|
1886 ? | galaxy |
NGC 58 Swift
1886
|
|
|
NGC 54
|
CET
|
1886 ? | galaxy | ||
|
NGC 113
|
CET
|
Aug. 27, 1876 | galaxy |
1, 4
|
|
|
NGC 114
|
CET
|
Sep. 27, 1880 | galaxy |
4
|
|
|
NGC 118
|
CET
|
Sep. 27, 1880 | galaxy |
4
|
|
|
NGC 120
|
CET
|
Sep. 27, 1880 | galaxy |
4
|
|
|
NGC 122
|
CET
|
Sep. 27, 1880 | star |
4
|
|
|
NGC 123
|
CET
|
Sep. 27, 1880 | star |
4
|
|
|
NGC 124
|
CET
|
Sep. 27, 1880 | galaxy |
4
|
|
|
NGC 156
|
CET
|
1882 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 158
|
CET
|
1882 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 165
|
CET
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 195
|
CET
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 309
|
CET
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 333
|
CET
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 338
|
PSC
|
1877 | galaxy |
Stephan 1882
|
1
|
|
NGC 464
|
AND
|
1882 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 577
|
CET
|
Aug. 14, 1877 | galaxy |
NGC 580 Tempel 1877
|
1, 4
|
|
NGC 707
|
CET
|
Nov. 13, 1879 | galaxy |
4
|
|
|
NGC 926
|
CET
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 934
|
CET
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 976
|
ARI
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 1015
|
CET
|
Dec. 27, 1875 | galaxy |
1, 5
|
|
|
NGC 1435
|
TAU
|
Oct. 19, 1859 | reflection nebula |
0
|
|
|
NGC 1443
|
ERI
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 1519
|
ERI
|
Jan. 2, 1878 | galaxy |
1, 5
|
|
|
NGC 1530
|
CAM
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 1544
|
CEP
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 1560
|
CAM
|
Aug. 1, 1883 | galaxy |
9
|
|
|
NGC 1573
|
CAM
|
Aug. 1, 1883 | galaxy |
9
|
|
|
NGC 1723
|
ERI
|
Jan. 12, 1882 | galaxy |
Barnard 1885
|
5
|
|
NGC 2067
|
ORI
|
1877 | reflection nebula |
1
|
|
|
NGC 2256
|
CAM
|
Aug. 1, 1883 | galaxy |
9
|
|
|
NGC 2258
|
CAM
|
Aug. 1, 1883 | galaxy |
9
|
|
|
NGC 2314
|
CAM
|
Aug. 1, 1883 | galaxy |
9
|
|
|
NGC 2336
|
CAM
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 2441
|
CAM
|
Aug. 8, 1882 | galaxy |
6
|
|
|
NGC 2460
|
CAM
|
Aug. 11, 1882 | galaxy |
6
|
|
|
NGC 2551
|
CAM
|
Aug. 9, 1882 | galaxy |
E. Swift 1885
|
6
|
|
NGC 2630
|
UMA
|
1883 | not found |
9
|
|
|
NGC 2631
|
UMA
|
1883 | not found |
9
|
|
|
NGC 2633
|
CAM
|
Aug. 11, 1882 | galaxy |
6, 9
|
|
|
NGC 2634
|
CAM
|
Aug. 11, 1882 | galaxy |
6, 9
|
|
|
NGC 2636
|
CAM
|
Jul. 27, 1883 | galaxy |
9
|
|
|
NGC 2646
|
CAM
|
Jul. 27, 1883 | galaxy |
9
|
|
|
NGC 2653
|
CAM
|
Aug. 18, 1882 | 2 stars |
6
|
|
|
NGC 2654
|
UMA
|
Aug. 18, 1882 | galaxy |
6
|
|
|
NGC 2685
|
UMA
|
Aug. 18, 1882 | galaxy |
6
|
|
|
NGC 2700
|
HYA
|
1886 ? | star | ||
|
NGC 2702
|
HYA
|
1886 ? | star | ||
|
NGC 2703
|
HYA
|
1886 ? | 2 stars | ||
|
NGC 2705
|
HYA
|
1886 ? | star | ||
|
NGC 2707
|
HYA
|
1886 ? | star | ||
|
NGC 2919
|
LEO
|
Feb. 1, 1877 | galaxy |
1, 5
|
|
|
NGC 2940
|
LEO
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 3375
|
SEX
|
Feb. 21, 1878 | galaxy |
Stephan 1880
|
1, 5
|
|
NGC 3427
|
LEO
|
1877 | galaxy |
Todd 1877
|
1, 5
|
|
NGC 3494
|
LEO
|
1882 | not found |
5
|
|
|
NGC 3537
|
CRT
|
Feb. 7, 1878 | galaxy |
Common 1880
|
1, 5
|
|
NGC 3580
|
LEO
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 3664
|
LEO
|
Mar. 16, 1879 | galaxy |
2
|
|
|
NGC 3704
|
CRT
|
Feb. 23, 1878 | galaxy |
Common 1880
|
1, 5
|
|
NGC 3707
|
CRT
|
Feb. 23, 1878 | galaxy |
Common 1880
|
5
|
|
NGC 3793
|
UMA
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 3797
|
UMA
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 3836
|
CRT
|
Apr. 29, 1877 | galaxy |
1, 4
|
|
|
NGC 3959
|
CRT
|
May 19, 1881 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 3967
|
CRT
|
May 19, 1881 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4164
|
VIR
|
Mar. 22, 1878 | galaxy |
1, 5
|
|
|
NGC 4166
|
COM
|
Mar. 15, 1885 | galaxy |
9
|
|
|
NGC 4186
|
COM
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 4240
|
VIR
|
May, 20, 1875 | galaxy |
NGC 4243 Swift 1886; Common 1880
|
1, 5
|
|
NGC 4289
|
VIR
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 4308
|
COM
|
Feb. 17, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4315
|
VIR
|
Mar. 22, 1878 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4316
|
VIR
|
Mar. 17, 1882 | galaxy |
Stephan 1884
|
5
|
|
NGC 4322
|
COM
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4323
|
COM
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4327
|
COM
|
1882 | 4 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4360
|
VIR
|
1877 | galaxy |
Stephan 1884
|
1
|
|
NGC 4397
|
COM
|
1877 | 3 stars |
1
|
|
|
NGC 4533
|
VIR
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 4554
|
VIR
|
1882 | not found |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4562
|
COM
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4663
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
IC 811 Bigourdan
1891
|
5
|
|
NGC 4716
|
VIR
|
Apr. 12, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4717
|
VIR
|
Apr. 12, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4722
|
CRV
|
1882 | galaxy |
IC 3833 Bigourdan 1897
|
5
|
|
NGC 4723
|
CRV
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4726
|
CRV
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4757
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4761
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4764
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4766
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4768
|
VIR
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4769
|
VIR
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4780
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4792
|
CRV
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4820
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4822
|
VIR
|
Apr. 21, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4823
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4829
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4830
|
VIR
|
May 26, 1880 | galaxy |
4, 5
|
|
|
NGC 4836
|
VIR
|
Apr. 19, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4844
|
VIR
|
Apr. 19, 1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4847
|
VIR
|
Apr. 19, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4855
|
VIR
|
Apr. 19, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4887
|
VIR
|
Apr. 21, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4891
|
VIR
|
Apr. 21, 1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4897
|
VIR
|
Apr. 21, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 4920
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
IC 4134 Bigourdan 1897
|
5
|
|
NGC 4982
|
VIR
|
1878 | 4 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 5006
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 5022
|
VIR
|
1882 | galaxy |
Stone 1886
|
5
|
|
NGC 5028
|
VIR
|
May 12, 1882 | galaxy |
5
|
|
|
NGC 5058
|
VIR
|
Jun. 2, 1883 | galaxy |
7
|
|
|
NGC 5167
|
VIR
|
Jun. 7, 1883 | galaxy |
7
|
|
|
NGC 5178
|
VIR
|
May 11, 1883 | galaxy |
8
|
|
|
NGC 5409
|
BOO
|
Apr. 25, 1883 | galaxy |
6, 8
|
|
|
NGC 5411
|
BOO
|
Apr. 25, 1883 | galaxy |
8
|
|
|
NGC 5414
|
BOO
|
Apr. 25, 1883 | galaxy |
6
|
|
|
NGC 5423
|
BOO
|
Apr. 25, 1883 | galaxy |
6, 8
|
|
|
NGC 5424
|
BOO
|
Apr. 25, 1883 | galaxy |
6, 8
|
|
|
NGC 5428
|
VIR
|
1882 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 5429
|
VIR
|
1882 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 5431
|
BOO
|
Apr. 25, 1883 | galaxy |
8
|
|
|
NGC 5432
|
VIR
|
1882 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 5434
|
BOO
|
Apr. 25, 1883 | galaxy |
6, 8
|
|
|
NGC 5435
|
VIR
|
1882 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 5436
|
BOO
|
Jun. 28, 1883 | galaxy |
7
|
|
|
NGC 5437
|
BOO
|
Jun. 28, 1883 | galaxy |
IC 4365 Bigourdan 1897
|
7
|
|
NGC 5465
|
VIR
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 5467
|
VIR
|
1882 | star |
IC 973 Bigourdan 1891
|
5
|
|
NGC 5469
|
BOO
|
1883 | galaxy |
8
|
|
|
NGC 5562
|
BOO
|
Jun. 28, 1883 | galaxy |
8
|
|
|
NGC 5796
|
LIB
|
May 23, 1884 | galaxy |
Leavenworth
1886
|
10
|
|
NGC 5871
|
VIR
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 6309
|
OPH
|
1876 | planetary |
1, 2a, 5
|
|
|
NGC 7327
|
PEG
|
1882 | star |
5
|
|
|
NGC 7338
|
PEG
|
1882 | 2 stars |
5
|
|
|
NGC 7378
|
AQR
|
Jun. 19, 1879 | galaxy |
3, 4
|
|
|
NGC 7450
|
AQR
|
Nov. 19, 1876 | galaxy |
1, 4
|
|
|
NGC 7520
|
AQR
|
1877 | star |
1
|
|
|
NGC 7529
|
PEG
|
Jul. 2, 1880 | galaxy |
4
|
|
|
NGC 7607
|
PEG
|
Aug. 5, 1880 | 2 stars |
4
|
|
|
NGC 7712
|
PEG
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 7717
|
AQR
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
|
|
NGC 7730
|
AQR
|
1877 | galaxy |
1
|
The following table lists all objects, where Tempel is mentioned by Dreyer, but were discovered by others (due to identities) or found twice by Tempel. In some cases Tempel was beaten only by a few days (exact date given).
|
Object
|
Identity
|
Discoverer
|
Con
|
Type | Date (T) |
Rem
|
Ref (T)
|
|
NGC 316
|
Lord Rosse
1850
|
PSC
|
star | Aug. 29, 1877 | |||
|
NGC 580
|
NGC 577
|
Tempel 1877
|
CET
|
galaxy | 1877 |
Swift 1886
|
1
|
|
NGC 787
|
Peters 1865
|
CET
|
galaxy | Nov. 9, 1879 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 1016
|
Marth 1863
|
CET
|
galaxy | 1877 |
4
|
||
|
NGC 1446
|
Dreyer 1877
|
ERI
|
star | 1882 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 2146
|
Winnecke
1876
|
CAM
|
galaxy | 1877 |
5
|
||
|
NGC 2268
|
Borrelly
1870-72
|
CAM
|
galaxy | 1877 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 2276
|
Winnecke 1876
|
CEP
|
galaxy | 1877 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 2300
|
Borrelly 1872
|
CEP
|
galaxy | 1877 |
Winnecke 1876
|
1
|
|
|
NGC 2720
|
Marth 1864
|
CNC
|
galaxy | 1877 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 3328
|
Peters 1880
|
LEO
|
2 stars | 1882 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 3419
|
Marth 1864
|
LEO
|
galaxy | Mar. 15, 1876 |
5
|
||
|
NGC 3598
|
Marth 1865
|
LEO
|
galaxy | 1877 |
1, 5
|
||
|
NGC 3641
|
Marth 1865
|
LEO
|
galaxy | 1877 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 4307
|
Peters 1860
|
VIR
|
galaxy | Jun. 7, 1883 |
7
|
||
|
NGC 4802
|
NGC 4804
|
CRV
|
galaxy | Apr. 20, 1882 |
5
|
||
|
NGC 5165
|
Burnham May
5, 1883
|
VIR
|
galaxy | May 11, 1883 |
8
|
||
|
NGC 5171
|
Hough May 5,
1883
|
VIR
|
galaxy | May 11, 1883 |
8
|
||
|
NGC 5179
|
Burnham May 5, 1883
|
VIR
|
galaxy | May 11, 1883 |
8
|
||
|
NGC 5438
|
NGC 5446
|
W. Herschel
|
BOO
|
galaxy | Jun. 28, 1883 |
7
|
|
|
NGC 5191
|
Hough May 5, 1883
|
VIR
|
galaxy | May 11, 1883 |
8
|
||
|
NGC 5472
|
Lord Rosse 1855
|
VIR
|
galaxy | 1882 |
5
|
||
|
NGC 5534
|
Stephan Apr. 24, 1881
|
VIR
|
galaxy | Apr. 29, 1881 |
5
|
||
|
NGC 7620
|
Marth 1864
|
PEG
|
galaxy | 1877 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 7664
|
Stephan 1876
|
PEG
|
galaxy | 1877 |
1
|
||
|
NGC 7683
|
Ferrari 1865-66
|
PEG
|
galaxy | 1877 |
1
|
References: [0] Schreiben des Herrn Wilh. Tempel and den Herausgeber, AN [1290] 54, 285 (1861); [1] Schreiben des Herrn W. Tempel an den Herausgeber, AN [2212] 93, 49-62 (1878); [2] Beobachtung des Brorsen'schen Cometen und eines neuen Nebelflecks, AN [2253] 94, 335 (1879); [2a] Wiederauffindung und Beobachtung des Cometen II 1867, angestellt auf der Sternwarte Arcetri, AN [2269] 95, 199-202 (1879); [3] Schreiben des Herrn W. Tempel and den Herausgeber, AN [2284] 96, 61-64 (1880); [4] Beobachtung, angestellt auf der Sternwarte Arcetri bei Florenz, AN [2347] 98, 299-304 (1881); [5] Neue Nebelflecke, aufgefunden und beobachtet auf der Sternwarte zu Arcetri, AN [2439] 102, 225-238 (1882); [6] Einige neue Nebel und ein Nebelnest, AN [2511] 105, 235-238 (1883); [7] Beobachtung von Cometen und Nebelflecken, angestellt auf der Sternwarte Arcetri, AN [2522] 106, 27-30 (1883); [8] Notiz über einige neue und ältere Nebel, AN [2527] 106, 107-110 (1883); [9] Neue Nebel, AN [2660] 111, 315 (1885); [10] Notiz über verschiedene neue Nebel, AN [2691] 112, 47 (1885)
Arcetri Observatory and 11" f/19 Amici-Refractor
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