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In the NGC Todd is listed eight times as discoverer: NGC 3134, 3217, 3279, 3436, 3685, 3849, 4202 (here "Tod" is a typo) and 4355. In 1877-78 Todd used the 26" f/15 Clark refractor of the U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington D.C. to search visually for the trans-Neptunian planet. A careful investigation of his paper Telescopic search for the Trans-Neptunian planet, AN #2698, p. 153 (1885), showing over 30 nebulous objects, leeds to the results, that he discovered 11 objects. One object, credited to Todd by Dreyer, must be rejected: Todd 17 in Virgo, listed as NGC 4355 and found on Feb. 5, 1878 is actually equal to NGC 4418, discovered by William Herschel (III 493) on Jan 1, 1786. But IC 591, credited by Dreyer to Javelle (see table) is Todd 22. All "real" discoveries are listed below in chronological order.
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Todd
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Dreyer
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Con
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Date
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Other observer
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4
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NGC 3427 |
LEO
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Nov. 12, 1877 |
Temple |
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6
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NGC 3436 |
LEO
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Nov. 30, 1877
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8
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IC 669 |
LEO
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Dec. 3, 1877
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Javelle |
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9
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NGC 3685 |
LEO
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Dec. 11, 1877
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10
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NGC 3849 |
VIR
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Feb. 11, 1878
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Javelle, March 22, 1893 (IC 730) |
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12b
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NGC 4063 |
VIR
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Jan. 2, 1878
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Stephan |
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18
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NGC 4202 |
VIR
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Feb. 6, 1878
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|
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21
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NGC 3134 |
LEO
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Feb. 6, 1878
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Javelle, April 18, 1893 (IC 606) |
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22
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IC 591 |
LEO
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Feb. 8, 1878
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Javelle, March 31, 1892 |
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29
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NGC 3217 |
LEO
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Mar. 4, 1878
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30
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NGC 3279 |
LEO
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Mar. 5, 1878
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Swift, Jan. 29, 1890 (IC 622) |
Todd's list contains other NGC objects (not mentioned by Deyer), which were found earlier by others. One object, Todd 24 in Leo (found February 28, 1878), is remarkable: NGC 3332, found by William Herschel (I 272) on March 4, 1796 and later observed by Schönfeld with a 6" refractor at Mannheim (March 3, 1862), Vogel in 1867 with the 8" refractor at Leipzig and Tempel (May 21, 1879) with the 11" refractor at Arcetri. It is identical with NGC 3342, found by William Herschel (III 5) on January 18, 1783.
The other cases are: Todd 1 = NGC 3604 (WH) = NGC 3611 (WH), Todd 5 = NGC 3462 (WH), Todd 11 = NGC 4075 (JH), Todd 12a = NGC 4073 (WH), Todd 13a = NGC 4045 (WH) = NGC 4046 (d'Arrest), Todd 14 = NGC 4077 (WH) = NGC 4140 (d'Arrest), Todd 15 = NGC 4179 (WH). Todd 16 = NGC 4139 (d'Arrest) = IC 2898 (Bigourdan), and Todd 20 = NGC 3153 (WH). All mentioned objects are galaxies.
Obituary: PASP 51, 247 (1939)
US Naval Observatory, Washington with 26" Refractor
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Amherst College Observatory with 18" Refractor
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Todd's house in Amherst
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